Analyses of audiological examination in children without auditory brainstem response / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective@#To investigate residual hearing of children severe and profound sensorineural deafness in whom wave V was not found in auditory brainstem response(ABR) testing, and to emphasize the importance of objective audiological tests.@*Methods@#Two hundred and fifty-two children who were admitted to the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University between January 2015 and April 2018, with an average age of 20 months from 72 days to 4 years, received a full battery of objective audiological tests consisting of distortion product otoacoustic emission(DPOAEs), tympanometry, auditory brainstem responses(ABRs), 40 Hz auditory event related potential(40 HzAERP) and auditory steady-state response(ASSRs).There were 159 males(318 ears) and 93 females(186 ears). Residual hearing obtained by 40 HzAERP、ASSR of 252 children with sensorineural deafness was studied in relation to the absence of wave V in click ABR. SPSS 16.0 software was used to analyze the data.@*Results@#Four hundred and forty-four ears of 504 ears have residual hearing of different degrees at different frequencies(88.1%),60 ears (11.9%) were found in whom responses was not found in 40 HzAERP、ASSR testing; Seventy-two ears(14.3%) in 38 patients were tested cochlear microphonic potentials (CMs).@*Conclusion@#In children hearing evaluations,a full battery of objective audiological tests could better investigate residual hearing; The CMs were tested could provide the Audiotery Neuropathy diagnosis in infants with OAEs and ABR absent.

Analysis of deafness-related gene mutations in 100 non-syndromic hearing loss patients in Henan province / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To preliminarily determine the gene mutation frequency and the hotspots in Henan province, we analysed the deafness-related gene mutation in patients with non-syndromic hearing loss (NSHL).@*METHOD@#Genomic DNA samples of 100 patients with NSHL in Henan province were extracted from peripheral blood after clinical history inquiry and clinical examination, Four common deafness genes GJB2, SLC26A4, mitochondrial 12SrRNA, and GJB3 were detected by Sanger sequencing method,and then data analysis were conducted.@*RESULT@#Among 100 patients with NSHL. the gene mutation frequency was 44%. In these patients, 29 cases had GJB2 mutations, 13 cases had SLC26A4 gene mutations, and 3 cases had mitochondrial 12SrRNA mutations.@*CONCLUSION@#Among the patients with NSHL in Henan province, the most frequent mutation causing hereditary deafness was mutation in GJB2, followed by SLC26A4,and it will provide a theoretical basis to determine the etiology of deafness in Henan Province.

Expression of CDK4 and p16 in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the expression of CDK4 and p16 in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) tissues.@*METHOD@#The expressions of CDK4 and p16 in 30 cases of LSCC tissues and 20 cases of edge tissues were detected by immunohistochemical technology SP method, and discuss their correlation with clincial pathology and clinical stage of LSCC.@*RESULT@#The positive rates of CDK4 and p16 were 63. 3 %,46. 7% in LSCC tissues, and the positive rates were 25%, 90% in edge tissues. The expression of CDK4 in LSCC tissues was significantly higher than that in edge tissues(P 0. 05); The expression of p16 in LSCC tissues was significantly lower than that in edge tissues(P0. 05) ;there is a negative correlation between CDK4 and p16 (r= -0. 786, P<0. 05).@*CONCLUSION@#Low expression of p16 and high expression of CDK4 may play an important role in the development of LSCC and the low expression of p16 in LSCC tissue could be used as important reference markers of malignant degree of tumour.

Effect of budesonide on the expression of IL-12 in animal model of minimal persistent inflammation of allergic rhinitis in rats / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the influence of budesonide on animal model of minimal persistent inflammation (MPI) of allergic rhinitis in rats and to investigate the changes of interleukin-12 (IL-12) in nasal mucosa.@*METHOD@#Sixty Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into four groups: group A (allergic rhinitis group), B (experimental group), C (MPI model group) and D (bland group) respectively, with fifteen animals in each group. Rats from group A,B and C were sensitized intraperitoneally by injection of suspension of ovalbumin (OVA) and aluminum hydroxide in 0.9% physiological saline. Then, repeated local booster sensitization with different concentration of OVA suspension (1% and 0.01%) or physiological saline into the nasal cavity of those rats were performed. For group D, physiological saline was used only. From 36th day, group B were given budesonide treatment for three weeks. A, C and D group were given normal saline nasal spray. Symptoms (sneezing) of rats after antigen challenge were observed and the infiltration of eosinophils (EOS) together with the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) and IL-12 in the nasal epithelial cells were also examined.@*RESULT@#When challenged with 1% OVA, the sneezing number of rats in group B was increased markedly than that in group D (P 0.05). When challenged with 0.01% OVA and given budesonide, the symptom of sneezing almost disappeared in group B just like that in group D and there was no difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). Besides, there was still more EOS infiltrated in the nasal mucosa of rats in group C than that in group D (P 0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Budesonide significantly inhibited the late reaction of animal model of minimal persistent inflammation (MPI) of allergic rhinitis in rats and increase the expression of IL-12 in MPI model.

Prophylactic effect of budesonide on the expression of IL-4, IL-5 in model of allergic rhinitis rats / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the prophylactic effect of Budesonide on the expression of IL-4,IL-5 in nasal mucosa in model of minimal persistent inflammation of allergic rhinitis in rats.@*METHOD@#Eighty SD rats were randomly divided into allergic rhinitis group (A group), experimental (B group), control group (C group) and negative control group (D group). A group was made for model of allergic rhinitis. B and C group were made for model of the lightest persistent inflammatory response. After the models were established, half of rats in the A group, B group, C group and D group were executed, and EOS infiltration and the expression of IL-4, IL-5, ICAM-1 were observed in nasal mucosa. The remaining rats of B group were given budesonide (64 microg/side/time, twice/day) treatment for 2 weeks. A, C, D group were given nasal spray with normal saline for 2 weeks. After that A, B, and C groups were stimulated with 1% OVA daily for one week, D group were given nasal spray with normal saline. All rats were executed after excitation, EOS infiltration and IL-4, IL-5 expression were observed.@*RESULT@#After the drug treatment, B group only had a small amount of mucous EOS infiltration and had no significant difference with D group, but in A and C group EOS had heavy infiltration. Gray value of the IL-4 positive areas in B group were significantly different compared with A and C group (P 0.05). Distribution of IL-5 positive signals was similar with that of IL-4.@*CONCLUSION@#Budesonide MPI application could significantly inhibit the allergic.

Clinical analysis of 32 cases of Ramsay Hunt syndrome / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the clinical features and the treatment effect of 32 cases of Ramsay Hunt syndrome and explore the relationship between different clinical manifestations and the prognosis.@*METHOD@#Using the integrated therapy including the medication and physiotherapy of ultrashort wave, the relationship between clinical manifestations and recovery time was analyzed.@*RESULT@#Twenty two cases were cured, 10 cases showed improvement of the symptoms, and no patients complained ineffectiveness. The effective rate was 100%. The shortest recovery time was 13 days, and the longest recovery time was 1 year and 7 months.@*CONCLUSION@#The key to cure Ramsay Hunt syndrome is comprehensive treatment in time. The different clinical manifestations have something to do with the prognosis.

Expression and significance of pulmonary surfactant protein D and IL-16 in allergic rhinitis and nasal polyps / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To detect the expression and distribution of the lung surfactant protein D (surfactant protein D,SP-D ) and IL-16 in nasal mucosa of allergic rhinitis and nasal polyps, and then probe into their significance in the pathology of allergic rhinitis and nasal polyps.@*METHOD@#Fifteen cases of allergic rhinitis, fifteen cases of nasal polyps and fifteen cases of inferior turbinate mucosa were studied to detect the expression of SP-D and IL-16 by immunohistochemistry method.@*RESULT@#The expression of SP-D and IL-16 in allergic rhinitis and nasal polyps were dramatically higher in controls (P 0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Both normal tissue and diseased tissue express SP-D and IL-16. SP-D is likely to play key roles in the inflammatory reaction process of allergic rhinitis and nasal polyps. IL-16 is an important eosinophil chemokine in the process of allergic rhinitis and nasal polyps,and it can also enhance the local role of eosinophils,thus it can involve in the process of allergic rhinitis and nasal polyps disease.

Epley's manoeuvre versus Epley's manoeuvre plus labyrinthine sedative in the management of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo: prospective, randomised study / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To compare the efficacy of Epley's manoeuvre and Epley's manoeuvre plus labyrinthine sedative in the treatment of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo.@*METHOD@#Eighty-four patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo were included in a randomized study. Forty-two cases in control group were treated with Epley's manoeuvre alone and the other 42 cases in treated group received Epley's manoeuvre together with Betahistine mesilate tablets, flunarizine hydrochloride, and extract of Ginkgo biloba leaves tablets. Both groups were analyzed after one week and four weeks, and recurrence was observed after half a year.@*RESULT@#After one week treatment, cure rate and total effective rate of treated group was higher than that of control group (78.57% vs. 50.00% and 92.86% vs. 80.95%, P 0.05, respectively). After half year, recurrence was found in 3 patients in treated group compared with 7 patients in control group (7.14% vs. 16.67%), and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Epley's manoeuvre is the best treatment method of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo together with the medicine. It is easy, safe and effective, and the healing time can be shortened.

Histologic expressions of IL-4/STAT6 in nasal mucosa of guinea pig allergic rhinitis models and effect of glucocorticoid on them / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the relation between IL-4/STAT6 and allergic rhinitis by comparing expressions of IL-4 and STAT6 in normal nasal mucosa and allergic rhinitis models, to explore the influence of glucocorticoid on IL-4, and STAT6 expression, and then to elucidate further the pathogenesis of AR and the mechanism of glucocorticoid.@*METHOD@#Forty-five guinea pigs were divided into three groups: normal control (NC) group, allergic rhinitis group (AR) and glucocorticoid (Glu) group (15 each). Animals in AR and Glu groups were sensitized with egg albumin, and in NC group were treated with normal saline as control. After sensitization and reproduction of AR model, rats in AR group received no treatment, while those in Glu group were treated with glucocorticoid (50 microl/one side/time, once a day) for 5 days. The changes in behavior was examined, and pathology of nasal mucosa were observed with HE staining, and the protein expressions of IL-4 and STAT6 in the nasal mucosa were detected by immunohistochemical technique.@*RESULT@#Compared with NC group, the frequency of sneezing and nose-scratching, and the expressions of IL-4 and STAT6 were increased obviously, but the opposite findings were observed in Glu group.@*CONCLUSION@#IL-4 and STAT6 are related to the pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis and may be the main factors for eosinophil infiltration in allergic rhinitis. Glucocorticoid may produce a therapeutic effect by intervening the expression of IL-4 and STAT6.